President andrew jackson biography timeline

Bank War and re-election [ edit ]. Further information: Bank War and United States presidential election. Removal of deposits and censure [ edit ]. See also: Censure of Andrew Jackson. Rise of the Whig Party [ edit ]. Panic of [ edit ]. Further information: Panic of Other domestic issues [ edit ]. Internal improvements [ edit ]. Exploring Expedition [ edit ].

Copyright [ edit ]. Administrative reforms [ edit ]. States admitted to the Union [ edit ]. Foreign affairs [ edit ]. Further information: History of U. Spoliation and commercial treaties [ edit ]. Recognition of Republic of Texas [ edit ]. Attack and assassination attempt [ edit ]. Presidential election of [ edit ]. Main article: United States presidential election.

Historical reputation [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. As this was prior to the adoption of the Twenty-fifth Amendment ina vacancy in the office of vice president was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.

President andrew jackson biography timeline: Family Life, the Law,

References [ edit ]. Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Archived from the original on 22 December Retrieved 21 December The Readex Report. Archived from the original on January 12, June 15, Archived from the original on March 23, Retrieved June 1, Retrieved February 15, Library of Congress. The New York Times. Retrieved Miles, "The First People's Inaugural— Etd Collection for University of Nebraska — Lincoln.

University of Nebraska — Lincoln: 1— Archived from the original on March 30, Retrieved July 18, The Supreme Court Historical Society. Archived from the original on January 30, Retrieved October 25, President The addresses and messages of the presidents of the United States, from to Wandering Recollections of a Somewhat Busy Life. Boston, Massachusetts: Roberts Brothers.

Cheathem ISBN Wagner Stearn, and Allen E. Stearn, "Smallpox Immunization of the Amerindian. Patterson, and Thomas Runge, "Smallpox and the native American.

President andrew jackson biography timeline: Timeline ; May. Economic

The Western Historical Quarterly. JSTOR Journal of American History. Retrieved March 7, Calhoun, 7th Vice President — ". United States Senate. Archived from the original on March 3, Retrieved May 7, The Age of Jackson p. July 28, [Originally published February 9, ]. Retrieved October 9, LCCN As a result of Calhoun's resignation, Hugh L.

White of Tennessee, as President pro tempore, was placed first in the line of succession and Andrew Stevenson of Virginia, as Speaker, second. Planet Money.

President andrew jackson biography timeline: Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the

Retrieved January 15, Bureau of the Public Debt. November 18, Archived from the original on March 6, Retrieved February 21, Public Debt Reports. Treasury Direct. Archived from the original on October 30, Retrieved November 25, Archived from the original on October 2, Retrieved November 27, Archived from the original on White, The Jacksonians. A study in administrative history, — pp 1— The Library of Congress.

Archived from the original on December 9, Retrieved July 4, Archived from the original on January 10, Belohlavek, Let the Eagle Soar! Belohlavek, "'Let the Eagle Soar! Retrieved March 11, American Heritage Project. Archived from the original on October 24, Retrieved November 11, Archived from the original on April 7, Retrieved May 18, Chicago: Fairbanks and Palmer Publishing Company.

Retrieved March 6, Washington, D. Guide to the Presidency and the Executive Branch. CQ Press. Remini, biographer of Andrew Jackson and historian of the U. House of Representatives, dies at 91". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 29, The Tennessean. Retrieved May 9, The Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 30, February 19, New York Times.

Retrieved 14 May Works cited [ edit ]. Bates, Christopher G. New York: Routledge. Boller, Paul F. New York: Oxford University Press. Brands, H. Andrew Jackson: His Life and Times. Cole, Donald B. The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. Ellis, Richard E. Woodward, C. Vann ed. Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct.

New York: Delacorte Press. Herring, George C. From Colony to Superpower: U. Foreign Relations since He faced the British forces with superior numbers of men to his own 5, Unwavering, Jackson led his men to a decisive victory, incurring incredibly low fatalities and injuries to his troops. Rachel and Lewis separated in Believing that Lewis Robards had secured a divorce, Jackson married Rachel.

They later found out that the divorce was not complete and so their marriage was invalid. Because of this, Rachel was accused of bigamy. When the divorce was finally completed the couple remarried in Rachel and Jackson never had children of their own, but they adopted a nephew of Rachel, and raised several other children including one Creek Indian boy.

A couple of weeks after Jackson won the presidential elections, Rachel died of a heart attack. It was said that Jackson blamed the opposing candidate, his predecessor John Quincy Adams, and he never forgave him for it. Jackson then vowed to unseat Adams in the next elections. InJackson got his wish and won a clear victory over John Quincy Adams.

During his inauguration, Jackson was the first of the presidents to welcome the public into the White House. Jackson easily won this election and served his second term as president. Jackson tried to clean up the government because he wanted to purge out the corruption. He began removing different government officials, and replacing them with people from his party or those recommended by them.

Many of the replacements have been unfit for the office they held. This is perhaps one of the more controversial issues of President Jackson, as many have criticized his actions here. Under his rule, the Indians were forced to be subjected to state laws. Their lands were claimed from them and they were driven out to territories beyond the existing states.

Most of the tribes agreed to move, but the Cherokees fought to stay in their ancestral land. In the end, the Cherokees were forced out in the now famous Trail of Tears, where 4, Cherokees died as they marched away toward their new home. When Washington failed to do something about the continued complaints about the tariff, South Carolina began to voice out that the state itself has the power to nullify the tariff.

Calhoun sided with his home state, South Carolina. For some, his legacy is tarnished by his role in the forced relocation of Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi. The exact location of his birth is uncertain, and both states have claimed him as a native son; Jackson himself maintained he was from South Carolina.

The son of Irish immigrants, Jackson received little formal schooling. Did you know? During their invasion of the western Carolinas inBritish soldiers took the young Andrew Jackson prisoner. When Jackson refused to shine one officer's boots, the officer struck him across the face with a saber, leaving lasting scars. Jackson read law in his late teens and earned admission to the North Carolina bar in He soon moved west of the Appalachians to the region that would soon become the state of Tennessee and began working as a prosecuting attorney in the settlement that became Nashville.

He later set up his own private practice and met and married Rachel Donelson Robards, the daughter of a local colonel. Jackson grew prosperous enough to build a mansion, the Hermitagenear Nashville, and to buy slaves. InJackson joined a convention charged with drafting the new Tennessee state constitution and became the first man to be elected to the U.

House of Representatives from Tennessee. Duanewho also refused. Jackson then appointed Roger B. Taney as acting secretary, who implemented Jackson's policy. Biddle wrote, "Nothing but the evidence of suffering abroad will produce any effect in Congress. Jackson's actions led those who disagreed with him to form the Whig Party. They claimed to oppose Jackson's expansion of executive power, calling him " King Andrew the First ", and naming their party after the English Whigs who opposed the British monarchy in the 17th century.

By Julythe Bank no longer held any federal deposits. Jackson had Federal funds deposited into state banks friendly to the administration's policies, which critics called pet banks. The Bank, which had been the federal government's fiscal agent, invested heavily in trade and financed interregional and international trade. State banks were more responsive to state governments and invested heavily in land developmentland speculation, and state public works projects.

In JanuaryJackson paid off the national debt, the only time in U. Despite the economic boom following Jackson's victory in the Bank War, land speculation in the west caused the Panic of One was the Specie Circularwhich mandated western lands only be purchased by money backed by specie. The act was intended to stabilize the economy by reducing speculation on credit, but it caused a drain of gold and silver from the Eastern banks to the Western banks to address the needs of financing land transactions.

Together, they left Eastern banks unable to pay specie to the British when they recalled their loans to address their economic problems in international trade. Jackson was the first president to be subjected to both a physical assault and an assassination attempt. Randolph struck Jackson in the face with his hand because Jackson had ordered Randolph's dismissal from the navy for embezzlement.

Jackson declined to press charges. Lawrence pulled out a second pistol, which also misfired. Jackson attacked Lawrence with his cane until others intervened to restrain Lawrence, who was later found not guilty by reason of insanity and institutionalized. During Jackson's presidency, slavery remained a minor political issue. Jackson's view was challenged when the American Anti-Slavery Society agitated for abolition [ ] by sending anti-slavery tracts through the postal system into the South in To address the issue, Jackson directed that the tracts could be sent only to subscribers, whose names could be made publicly accountable.

The Jackson administration successfully negotiated a trade agreement with Siamthe first Asian country to form a trade agreement with the U. In his First Annual Message to Congress, Jackson addressed the issues of spoliation claims, demands of compensation for the capture of American ships and sailors by foreign nations during the Napoleonic Wars.

Jackson asked Congress in to authorize reprisals against French property if the country failed to make payment, as well as to arm for defense. In his Annual Message to the Congress, Jackson asserted that he refused to apologize, but stated that he did not intend to "menace or insult the Government of France". Since the early s, large numbers of Americans had been immigrating into Texas, a territory of the newly independent nation of Mexico.

Bythere were twice as many settlers from the United States as from Mexico, leading to tensions with the Mexican government that started the Texas Revolution. During the conflict, Jackson covertly allowed the settlers to obtain weapons and money from the United States. The new Republic asked Jackson to recognize and president andrew jackson biography timeline it.

Although Jackson wanted to do so, he was hesitant because he was unsure it could maintain independence from Mexico. Jackson recognized the Republic of Texas on the last full day of his presidency, March 3, Jackson appointed six justices to the Supreme Court. Jackson nominated Roger B. Taney in January to the Court in reward for his services, but the nomination failed to win Senate approval.

Two new states were admitted into the Union during Jackson's presidency: Arkansas June 15, and Michigan January 26, Both states increased Democratic power in Congress and helped Van Buren win the presidency inas new states tended to support the party that had done the most to admit them. Jackson's presidency ended on March 4, Jackson left Washington, D.

During the presidential election[ ] Jackson campaigned for Van Buren in Tennessee, but Van Buren had become unpopular during the continuing depression. The Whig Party nominee, William Henry Harrisonwon the election using a campaign style similar to that of the Democrats: Van Buren was depicted as an uncaring aristocrat, while Harrison's war record was glorified, and he was portrayed as a man of the people.

Jackson was encouraged because Tyler was not bound to party loyalties and praised him when he vetoed two Whig-sponsored bills to establish a new national bank in Jackson lobbied for the annexation of Texas. He was concerned that the British could use it as a base to threaten the United States [ ] and insisted that it was part of the Louisiana Purchase.

Van Buren, who had been Jackson's preferred candidate for the Democratic Party in the presidential election, had opposed annexation. Polkwho was then set to be Van Buren's running mate, to run as the Democratic Party's presidential nominee instead. Polk defeated Van Buren for the nomination and won the general election against Jackson's old enemy, Henry Clay.

Meanwhile, the Senate passed a bill to annex Texas, and it was signed on March 1, Jackson died of dropsytuberculosisand heart failure [ ] at 78 years of age on June 8, His deathbed was surrounded by family, friends, and slaves, and he was recorded to have said, "Do not cry; I hope to meet you all in Heaven—yes, all in Heaven, white and black. Jackson and Rachel had no children together but adopted Andrew Jackson Jr.

They were also guardians for A. HutchingsRachel's orphaned grandnephew, and the orphaned children of a friend, Edward Butler —Caroline, Eliza, Edwardand Anthony—who lived with the Jacksons after their father died. For the only time in U. Rachel's niece Emily Donelson was married to Andrew Jackson Donelson who acted as Jackson's private secretary and served as hostess at the White House.

The president andrew jackson biography timeline and Emily became estranged for over a year during the Petticoat affair, but they eventually reconciled and she resumed her duties as White House hostess. Jackson had a reputation for being short-tempered and violent, [ ] which terrified his opponents. According to Van Buren, he remained calm in times of difficulty and made his decisions deliberatively.

He had the tendency to take things personally. If someone crossed him, he would often become obsessed with crushing them. He considered threats to his friends as threats to himself, but he demanded unquestioning loyalty in return. Jackson was self-confident, [ ] without projecting a sense of self-importance. Jackson's legacy is controversial and polarizing.

In the s, Jackson's rise to power became associated president andrew jackson biography timeline the idea of the "common man". Schlesinger Jr. Roosevelt 's New Deal[ ] describing the common man as a member of the working class struggling against exploitation by business concerns. In the 21st century, Jackson's Indian Removal Act has been described as ethnic cleansing[ ] the use of force, terror and violence to make an area ethnically homogeneous.

Jackson's legacy has been variously used by later presidents. Abraham Lincoln referenced Jackson's ideas when negotiating the challenges to the Union that he faced duringincluding Jackson's understanding of the constitution during the nullification crisis and the president's right to interpret the constitution. Roosevelt used Jackson to redefine the Democratic Party, describing him as a defender of the exploited and downtrodden and as a fighter for social justice and human rights.

Jackson was historically rated highly as a president, but his reputation began to decline in the s. A survey of political scientists rated Jackson as the ninth-highest rated president but the third-most polarizing. He was also ranked the third-most overrated president. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history.

Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Wikidata item. President of the United States from to This article is about the seventh president of the United States. For other uses, see Andrew Jackson disambiguation. For the class of attack transports, see President Jackson —class attack transport.

Portrait c. John C. Calhoun — Martin Van Buren — Democratic-Republican before Jacksonian — Rachel Donelson. Congressional Gold Medal Thanks of Congress. Major general U. Army Major general U. Volunteers Major general Tennessee militia. See list. Marks Siege of Fort Barrancas. Legal career and marriage. Planting career and slavery. Main article: Andrew Jackson and slavery.

Further information: Andrew Jackson and the slave trade in the United States. Duel with Dickinson and adventure with Burr. See also: List of violent incidents involving Andrew Jackson. New Orleans. Horseshoe Bend. Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek. Creek War. War of First Seminole War. Further information: Creek War. Further information: Battle of New Orleans.

Further information: First Seminole War. Main article: United States presidential election. Election of and death of Rachel Jackson. Main articles: United States presidential election and Andrew Jackson presidential campaign. Presidency — Main article: Presidency of Andrew Jackson. Main article: First inauguration of Andrew Jackson. Reforms and rotation in office.

Further information: Spoils system. Main article: Petticoat affair. Main article: Nullification crisis. Bank War and Election of Removal of deposits and censure. Further information: Censure of Andrew Jackson. Main article: Panic of Physical assault and assassination attempt. Further information: List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson.

States admitted to the Union. Later life and death — Further information: Wards of Andrew Jackson. Further information: List of memorials to Andrew Jackson. As this was prior to the adoption of the Twenty-fifth Amendment ina vacancy in the office of vice president was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration. State Library of North Carolina.

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