Alummoodan biography of barack obama

However, the long-standing U. Kennedyremained in effect. On March 20,Obama became the first sitting American president to visit Cuba sinceas part of his larger program to establish greater cooperation between the two countries. Just prior to the trip, on March 10,Obama met at the White House with newly elected Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in the first official visit by a Canadian leader in nearly 20 years.

In Augustthe Obama administration announced the Clean Power Plan, a major climate change policy that included the first national standards to limit carbon pollution from coal-burning power plants and called for more renewable energy from sources like wind and solar power. Ultimately, the plan never took effect after facing backlash and lawsuits from business groups, companies, 27 states, and Kentucky Senator Mitch McConnellwho was then the Republican minority leader.

In Februarythe Supreme Court ruled,to block the plan by putting a hold on regulations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, mostly from coal power plants. Obama also worked to respond to climate change on the global level. The agreement requires all participating nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to limit the rise of global temperatures and also to allocate resources for the research and development of alternative energy sources.

Obama pledged that the United States would cut its emissions more than 25 percent by On October 5,the United Nations announced the Paris Climate Agreement had been ratified by a sufficient number of countries—including China and the United States, the two largest emitters of greenhouse gases—to allow it to take effect starting on November 4, Both justices were confirmed under a Democratic-majority Senate.

In March, the president held a press conference at the White House to present year-old U. They stated their intention to block any nominee put forward by Obama, fearing that such a confirmation would tip the balance toward a more liberal-leaning court. Garland was never granted a Senate confirmation hearing, and the seat sat empty until April when Neil Gorsuchnominated by President Donald Trump, was confirmed.

The presidents granted a total of 1, clemencies, including commuting the sentence of Chelsea Manningthe U. Army intelligence analyst who was sentenced to 35 years in prison for leaking classified information to WikiLeaks. Over the course of his administration, Obama led the country away from financial catastrophe as the Great Recession gave away to market stability and a declining unemployment rate.

Obama also struggled to enact the gun control measures he hoped for, such as universal background checks and the resurrection of the federal ban on sales of assault weapons and high-capacity magazines. Some of the mass shootings during his time include at Sandy Hook Elementary School 20 children and six adult fatalities in Connecticut; an Aurora, Colorado movie theater 12 fatalities ; a historically Black church in Charleston, South Carolina 9 fatalities ; and a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida 49 fatalities.

Ever the optimist, Obama shared these parting words at his last press conference with the White House press corps:. On January 27,Obama delivered his first State of the Union speech. Obama also challenged politicians to stop thinking of reelection and alummoodan biography of barack obama making positive changes. He criticized Republicans for their refusal to support legislation and chastised Democrats for not pushing hard enough to get legislation passed.

In his State of the Union address, Obama declared that the nation was out of recession. He went on to share his vision for ways to improve the nation through free community college programs and middle-class tax breaks. With Democrats outnumbered by Republicans in both the House and the Senate, Obama threatened to use his executive power to prevent any tinkering by the opposition on his existing policies.

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On January 12,Obama delivered what would be his final State of the Union address. On January 10,Obama returned to his adopted home city of Chicago to deliver his farewell alummoodan biography of barack obama. In his speech, Obama spoke about his early days in the Windy City and his continued faith in the power of Americans who participate in their democracy.

He called on politicians and American citizens to come together despite their differences. But they knew that democracy does require a basic sense of solidarity—the idea that for all our outward differences, we are all in this together; that we rise or fall as one. Obama also appealed for tolerance along racial and ethnic lines and curbing discrimination:.

I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability to bring about change—but in yours. In MayBarack and Michelle finalized a multi-year deal with Netflix to create exclusive content for the streaming service through their production company, Higher Ground. The fruits of the collaboration first appeared with the August release of American Factoryan Oscar-winning documentary about the launch of a Chinese-owned automotive glass factory in Dayton, Ohio, and the clash of differing cultures and business interests.

The Obamas helped produce the documentary Crip Campwhich was nominated for best documentary feature at the Academy Awards. Higher Ground has expanded into podcasts, including Renegades: Born in the USA —a series of conversations between Barack and musician Bruce Springsteen about life, music, and their love for America. The complex would be home to a Chicago Public Library branch, a museum, as well as office and activity spaces for the foundation.

In JulyJackson Park was selected as the host site. Construction began in Augustand a groundbreaking ceremony was held the following month with Barack, Michelle, Illinois Governor J. Pritzker, and Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot all in attendance. The project has been the subject of two lawsuits from volunteer nonprofit Protect Our Parks, which claimed the city and state of Illinois violated their public trust obligations to protect pubic land in approving the project.

They were dismissed by a federal judge in andrespectively. The project is expected to be completed byaccording to the Obama Foundation. In Septemberthe Barack Obama Presidential Library announced plans to employ a virtual model with records available online, making it the first fully digital presidential library. The work received high praise from literary figures such as Toni Morrison.

Wrong, Michela September 11, New Statesman. Archived from the original on January 16, See also: Serrano, Richard A. March 11, Archived from the original on November 8, Archived from the original on December 7, In Dreams from My FatherObama writes: "Pot had helped, and booze; maybe a little blow when you could afford it. For analysis of the political impact of the quote and Obama's more recent admission that he smoked marijuana as a teenager "When I was a kid, I inhaled.

Archived from the original on May 11, Seelye, Katharine Q. October 24, ABC News. Archived from the original on May 25, Retrieved May 25, Obama, pp. Maranisspages with "choom gang". Retrieved October 29, Romano, Lois January 3, October 9, Archived from the original on October 31, August 17, Archived from the original on April 7, Retrieved May 1, The State Journal-Register.

Archived from the original on November 9, Retrieved August 23, February 8, Retrieved September 7, As a teenager, Obama went to parties and sometimes sought out gatherings on military bases or at the University of Hawaii that were mostly attended by blacks. Archived from the original on May 24, Retrieved May 12, Possley, Maurice March 30, Archived from the original on October 9, Talev, Margaret November 19, The Sacramento Bee.

Archived from the original on March 7, Kovaleski, Serge F. February 9, Rohter, Larry April 10, Archived from the original on April 11, USA Today. Archived from the original on May 28, Jackson, Brooks June 5, Mendellpp. Remnickpp. Columbia College Today. Archived from the original on September 5, Retrieved June 9, Retrieved October 1, June 26, Archived from the original on February 16, Retrieved October 15, — via National Archives.

Knopf, Random House, Inc. Who's Who in America, OCLC Retrieved April 13, Archived from the original on December 14, Retrieved February 14, The New Republic. Archived from the original on November 12, Retrieved July 16, Retrieved June 6, The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 3, Problems and promise in the inner city".

Illinois Issues. After Alinsky: community organizing in Illinois. Springfield, Ill. He has also been a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, an organizing institute working throughout the Midwest. And then life happens: a memoir.

Alummoodan biography of barack obama: for the marriage. Ramankutty

New York: St. Martin's Press. Retrieved January 2, Archived from the original on March 4, Retrieved June 15, Kantor, Jodi January 28, Kodama, Marie C January 19, The Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on January 6, Mundy, Liza August 12, Archived from the original on August 14, Heilemann, John October 22, New York. Archived from the original on May 17, Archived from the original on April 10, Ybarra, Michael J February 7, Archived from the original paid archive on February 20, Corr, John February 27, Drummond, Tammerlin March 12, Archived from the original on May 22, Pugh, Allison J.

Associated Press April 18, The Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 22, Four years later, in the presidential electionhe defeated Republican nominee Mitt Romneyto win re-election. Obama is the first African American president, the first multiracial president, the first non-white president, [ a ] and the first president born in Hawaii.

Obama was succeeded by Republican Donald Trumpwho won the presidential election. Historians and political scientists alummoodan biography of barack obama him among the upper tier in historical rankings of American presidents. He lifted some travel and money restrictions to the island. Obama signed many landmark bills into law during his first two years in office.

After a lengthy debate over the national debt limithe signed the Budget Control Act of and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of He gained widespread praise for ordering Operation Neptune Spearthe raid that killed Osama bin Ladenwho was responsible for the September 11 attacks. InObama ordered the drone-strike killing in Yemen of al-Qaeda operative Anwar al-Awlakiwho was an American citizen.

After winning re-election by defeating Republican opponent Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term on January 20, During this term, he condemned the Snowden leaks as unpatriotic, but called for more restrictions on the National Security Agency NSA to address privacy issues. His administration filed briefs that urged the Supreme Court to strike down same-sex marriage bans as unconstitutional United States v.

Windsor and Obergefell v. Hodges ; same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide in after the Court ruled so in Obergefell. He advocated for gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shootingindicating support for a ban on assault weaponsand issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning global warming and immigration.

In foreign policy, he ordered military interventions in Iraq and Syria in response to gains made by ISIL after the withdrawal from Iraq, promoted discussions that led to the Paris Agreement on global climate change, drew down US troops in Afghanistan ininitiated sanctions against Russia following its annexation of Crimea and again after interference in the US electionsbrokered the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action nuclear deal with Iran, and normalized US relations with Cuba.

Obama nominated three justices to the Supreme Court : Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan were confirmed as justices, while Merrick Garland was denied hearings or a vote from the Republican-majority Senate. Barack Obama announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination in the presidential election on February 10, Several other candidates, including Senator Joe Biden of Delaware and former senator John Edwards of North Carolinaalso ran for the nomination, but these candidates dropped out after the initial primaries.

In June, on the day of the final primaries, Obama clinched the nomination by winning a majority of the delegates, including both pledged delegates and superdelegates. With Republican president George W. Obama won the presidential election with of the total electoral votes and In the concurrent congressional electionsDemocrats added to their majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senateand Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid both remained in their posts.

The presidential transition period began following Obama's victory in the U. During the transition period, Obama announced nominations for his cabinet and administration. Obama was inaugurated on January 20,succeeding George W. He delivered his inaugural address immediately following his oath. Within minutes of Obama's taking office, his chief of staff, Rahm Emanuelissued an order suspending last-minute regulations and executive orders signed by his predecessor George W.

On January 29, Obama signed a bill for the first time in his presidency; the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of revised the statute of limitations for filing pay discrimination lawsuits. While it was originally intended to be a bipartisan bill, Congressional passage of the bill relied largely on Democratic votes, though three Republican senators voted for it.

Following his inauguration, Obama and the Senate worked to confirm his nominees to the United States Cabinet. There were three vacancies on the Supreme Court of the United States during Obama's tenure, but Obama made only two successful appointments. Justice Antonin Scalia died in Februaryduring the th Congresswhich had a Republican majority in the Senate.

Circuit to fill Scalia's seat. Obama's presidency saw the continuation of battles between both parties over the confirmation of judicial nominees.

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Democrats continually accused Republicans of stalling nominees throughout Obama's tenure. Once the stimulus bill was enacted in Februaryhealth care reform became Obama's top domestic priority, and the th Congress passed a major bill that eventually became widely known as " Obamacare ". Health care reform had long been a top priority of the Democratic Party, and Democrats were eager to implement a new plan that would lower costs and increase coverage.

The Massachusetts Senate special election victory of Scott Brown seriously imperiled the prospects of a health care reform bill, as Democrats lost their seat Senate super-majority. The Affordable Care Act faced considerable challenges and opposition after its passage, and Republicans continually attempted to repeal the law. Sebeliusa 5—4 majority upheld the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act, even though it made state Medicaid expansion voluntary.

In King v. Burwella 6—3 majority allowed the use of tax credits in state-operated exchanges. The October launch of HealthCare. Risky practices among the major financial institutions on Wall Street were widely seen as contributing to the subprime mortgage crisisthe financial crisis of —08and the subsequent Great Recessionso Obama made Wall Street reform a priority in his first term.

During his presidency, Obama described global warming as the greatest long-term threat facing the world. Obama's campaign to fight global warming found more success at the international level than in Congress. The deal provided for the monitoring of carbon emissions among developing countriesbut it did not include Obama's proposal to commit to cutting greenhouse gas emissions in half by From the beginning of his presidency, Obama took several actions to raise vehicle fuel efficiency in the United States.

According to a report by The American Lung Association, there was a "major improvement" in air quality under Obama.

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Upon entering office, Obama focused on handling the global financial crisis and the subsequent Great Recession that had begun before his election, [ ] [ ] which was generally regarded as the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. There was a sustained increase of the US unemployment rate during the early months of the administration, [ ] as multi-year economic stimulus efforts continued.

GDP growth returned in the third quarter ofexpanding at a 1. Obama's presidency saw an extended battle over taxes that ultimately led to the permanent extension of most of the Bush tax cutswhich had been enacted between and Those tax alummoodan biographies of barack obama were set to expire during Obama's presidency since they were originally passed using a Congressional maneuver known as reconciliationand had to fulfill the long-term deficit requirements of the "Byrd rule".

During the lame duck session of the th CongressObama and Republicans wrangled over the ultimate fate of the cuts. Shortly after Obama's re-election, Congressional Republicans and Obama again faced off over the final fate of the Bush tax cuts. US government debt grew substantially during the Great Recessionas government revenues fell.

Obama largely rejected the austerity policies followed by many European countries. After taking control of the House in the electionsCongressional Republicans demanded spending cuts in return for raising the United States debt ceilingthe statutory limit on the total amount of debt that the Treasury Department can issue. The debt-ceiling crisis developed as Obama and Congressional Democrats demanded a "clean" debt-ceiling increase that did not include spending cuts.

Obama and Speaker of the House John Boehner attempted to negotiate a "grand bargain" to cut the deficit, reform entitlement programsand re-write the tax code, but the negotiations eventually collapsed due to ideological differences between the Democratic and Republican leaders. In Octoberthe government shut down for two weeks as Republicans and Democrats were unable to agree on a budget.

House Republicans passed a budget that would defund Obamacarebut Senate Democrats refused to pass any budget that defunded Obamacare. Ultimately the two sides agreed to a continuing resolution that re-opened the government and suspended the debt ceiling. Hate Crimes Prevention Actwhich expanded hate crime laws to cover crimes committed because of the victim's sexual orientation.

In the foreign policy arena, Obama opened up talks with Cuba, Iran, and Venezuela and set a withdrawal date for American troops in Iraq. No Americans were lost in the operation, which gathered evidence about Al-Qaeda. Barack Obama was re-elected for a second term inbeating out Republican Mitt Romney and his running mate Paul Ryan. The midterm elections proved challenging, as Republicans gained a majority in both houses of Congress.

His second term was marked by several international events. InObama came out strongly against the use of chemical weapons on civilians by Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad, avoiding a direct strike on Syria when al-Assad agreed to accept a Russian proposal that it relinquish its chemical weapons. Perhaps the defining moment of his international diplomacy was his work on the Iran Nuclear Dealwhich allowed inspectors into Iran to ensure it was under the pledged limit of enriched uranium in return for lifting economic sanctions.

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